Question 3: History of HTML

• 1. Pre-HTML: The Foundations (Pre-1990s)
• Hypertext Concept: The idea of hypertext dates back to the 1960s, pioneered by Ted Nelson and Douglas Engelbart, who proposed linking pieces of text electronically.
• Internet Protocols: The foundational internet protocols (like TCP/IP) were developed in the 1970s and 1980s.

• 2. HTML 1.0 (1991�1993)
• Inventor: Tim Berners-Lee at CERN.
• Purpose: To facilitate sharing and linking scientific documents.
• Features: Very simple; included basic tags.
• Browser: The first browser was WorldWideWeb, also created by Berners-Lee.

• 3. HTML 2.0 (1995)
• Standardized by: IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force)
• Features: Included everything in 1.0 plus form elements.
• Limitations: Still quite basic, intended to standardize the early usage of HTML.

• 4. HTML 3.2 (1997)
• Standardized by: W3C (World Wide Web Consortium)
• New Features:
• Applets
• Scripting support (JavaScript integration)

• 5. HTML 4.01 (1999)
• Key Features:
• Separation of content and presentation (via CSS)
• Introduction of the Document Object Model (DOM)
• Support for scripting and multimedia

• 6. XHTML (2000s)
• What it is: Reformulation of HTML 4.01 as XML
• Purpose: Enforce stricter syntax rules (e.g., all tags must be closed).
• Problem: Too rigid, and not backward-compatible with older browsers.